Is barium sulfate harmful to humans?

Barium sulfate is generally considered to have low toxicity and is not typically harmful to humans when used properly. Here are some key points about barium sulfate and its safety:

1. Medical use: 
Barium sulfate is commonly used as a contrast agent in medical imaging procedures, particularly for X-rays of the gastrointestinal tract.

2. Low absorption: 
When ingested, barium sulfate is poorly absorbed by the body. It passes through the digestive system largely unchanged.

3. Insolubility: 
Barium sulfate is highly insoluble in water, which contributes to its low toxicity. This is in contrast to some other barium compounds that can be toxic.

4. Precautions: 
While generally safe, it should only be used under medical supervision and according to prescribed guidelines.

5. Possible side effects: 
Some people may experience temporary constipation, diarrhea, or nausea after ingesting barium sulfate for medical procedures.

6. Contraindications: 
It should not be used in patients with suspected gastrointestinal perforation or obstruction.

7. Occupational exposure: 
In industrial settings, inhalation of barium sulfate dust should be avoided, as it can cause temporary irritation to the respiratory tract.

It's important to note that while barium sulfate itself is generally safe, other forms of barium can be harmful. Always follow medical advice and use barium sulfate only as directed by healthcare professionals.