Is titanium dioxide rutile hazardous?

Titanium dioxide rutile is generally considered safe for use in various applications, including food, cosmetics, and sunscreen. However, like many substances, it can pose certain hazards under specific conditions.

Inhalation of very fine particles of titanium dioxide, such as those found in certain industrial settings, may pose a potential risk to respiratory health. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified titanium dioxide as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" when inhaled in high concentrations as a fine dust. This classification is primarily based on studies involving occupational exposure to titanium dioxide dust in industries such as mining and manufacturing.

In consumer products like cosmetics and sunscreen, titanium dioxide particles are generally larger and less likely to be inhaled, so the risk is considered minimal. However, it's always a good idea to follow product instructions and avoid inhaling aerosolized particles.

As with any substance, it's essential to handle titanium dioxide safely and follow recommended precautions to minimize potential risks.